Exoskeletons and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): Why the biggest health problem in the workplace needs new solutions

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common work-related health problems in Germany and Europe. Back pain, joint problems, and chronic muscle tension are not only a personal affliction, but also a massive economic problem: around 27% of all days of incapacity for work are attributable to MSDs—more than infections or mental illness.

MSDs usually develop gradually—through physical strain, repetitive movements, unfavorable body postures, and forced positions such as prolonged sitting and standing. Employees in manufacturing, logistics, nursing, and skilled trades are particularly affected. The consequences range from temporary discomfort to chronic conditions that can lead to early retirement.

Exoskeletons: A promising building block for physical relief

Exoskeletons are considered an innovative solution for reducing physical strain in the workplace. These wearable assistance systems provide targeted support for activities such as lifting, holding, or working overhead, thereby significantly reducing strain on muscles and joints.

Real-world applications show that exoskeletons provide noticeable relief: Employees report less fatigue, improved posture, and an increased sense of safety when performing physically demanding tasks.

What exoskeletons can do today

In various industries and fields of activity, exoskeletons help to significantly reduce physical strain and improve working conditions:

• Less fatigue during repetitive or physically demanding activities

• Greater safety through stabilized movements and controlled body postures

• Staying in the workforce longer—especially for older employees

• A useful addition to existing ergonomic measures when these reach their limits

Exoskeletons are therefore a valuable ergonomic support system that should be used in a targeted and responsible manner. Their use follows the proven TOP principle in occupational safety: first technical and organizational measures, then personal support—and this is precisely where exoskeletons can play to their strengths.

Holistic measures for combating MSE

Combating musculoskeletal disorders requires a comprehensive approach: ergonomic workplace design, training, exercise, breaks—and, where appropriate, the use of exoskeletons. The technology is not a miracle cure, but it is a component that should not be underestimated in supporting employees in physically demanding activities.

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Source: Absenteeism Report 2024

Badura/Ducki/Baumgardt/Meyer/Schröder (eds.) Focus: Loyalty and health – Attracting and retaining skilled workers. Springer-Verlag Berlin 2024

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